Having baby in Germany: Everything You Need to Know

From finding a midwife to understanding maternity costs, prenatal classes, and child benefits, here’s what you need to know about having a baby in Germany.

Giving Birth in Germany

In 2021, nearly 800,000 babies were born in Germany, with a total fertility rate of 1.58 children per woman. The average age of a mother at the time of her first birth is 30.5 years. The year also saw a record high in births across Germany – the highest since 1997. Pregnant patients can give birth in a hospital, birth house, or at home, with all three options covered by health insurance.

Anyone living in Germany will need to register with either a public or private health insurance scheme for maternity coverage. Employed individuals paying into the social security scheme may claim parental leave for up to three years after the baby’s birth. There are also other benefits available, such as a monthly child allowance.

After delivering a baby in Germany, it’s essential to arrange your newborn’s registration and apply for a birth certificate. A child born in Germany or to German parents can claim citizenship if they meet certain conditions.

Accessing German Maternity Services

Both state-funded and private health insurance schemes cover an annual visit to the gynecologist (Frauenarzt) for every woman over the age of 20. Pregnant women or those suspecting pregnancy can visit their regular gynecologist or choose a different one, with costs covered by insurance.

Internationals living in Germany have equal access to maternity services, provided they are signed up with public or private insurance. Short-term visitors and tourists should have global health insurance coverage during their stay in Germany. Those from the European Economic Area (EEA) or Switzerland can use their European Health Insurance Card (EHIC) to access maternity services.

German Maternity Costs

State German health insurance typically covers basic pregnancy and childbirth costs, though additional costs for some paperwork may arise. If opting for a private hospital, check what your health insurance covers and what costs you must incur for the baby’s delivery and care. It may be worth considering private insurance if you prefer not to give birth in a public hospital. Some of the largest private health insurance companies in Germany include Allianz Care and Cigna Global. German public insurance companies grant parents a bonus of €100–300 at the time of birth.

Pregnancy Tests in Germany

Pregnancy tests (Schwangerschaftstest) are available in most supermarkets or pharmacies (Apotheke) and even vending machines in major cities. Home pregnancy tests have an accuracy rate of about 98% from the first day your period is due, with earlier tests also available. A positive home test can be followed up with a more accurate blood test by a gynecologist, typically covered by insurance with a doctor’s prescription.

Prenatal Care in Germany

The community midwife is the main point of contact during pregnancy, coordinating with doctors, obstetricians, and hospital staff. Prenatal appointments and tests are arranged by the midwife, with visits to the gynecologist every four weeks until the end of the second trimester.

1) Prenatal Appointments

Community midwives arrange prenatal appointments, including hospital registration, which allows direct access to the maternity unit during labor. Parents-to-be can tour the maternity unit, meet hospital midwives and staff, and ask questions about childbirth. Medical appointments and progress are recorded in a maternity record (Mutterpass), an essential document to bring to all appointments and the delivery.

2) Scans, Tests, and Checks

Regular visits involve blood pressure checks and blood and urine samples. Insurance policies may not cover all tests, so verify coverage with your doctor and insurance company. State health insurance offers three ultrasound scans throughout pregnancy, with extensive procedures requiring explicit medical reasons for coverage.

3) Vaccinations During Pregnancy

Recommended vaccines for pregnant women include seasonal flu, whooping cough (pertussis), and COVID-19 boosters. More information is available at the Robert Koch Institut.

4) Prenatal Classes

Birth preparation classes start around the 25th week, covering various techniques like the Dick-Read Method, Lamaze, yoga, and partner sessions. State health insurance now covers classes for fathers, with midwives providing information on available classes.

Giving Birth in Germany

Options include hospital, birth house, or home births, all covered by health insurance. Home births are suitable for low-risk pregnancies, with hospital transfers in emergencies. Birth houses offer a comfortable environment with midwife services and outpatient treatments. Hospitals provide epidurals and emergency services, making them ideal for high-risk pregnancies. Typical hospital stays last three nights or five for C-sections.

Preparing for Hospital Birth

Call the delivery suite (Kreißsaal) ahead of time if possible. Bring personal items like nightclothes, dressing gowns, slippers, and toiletries, though the hospital provides baby clothes. Choose a name for the baby quickly, as hospitals request it soon after birth. Use the bedside call system for assistance, as German hospitals prioritize rest.

Postnatal Care in Germany

Mothers stay in the hospital for up to five days after birth, with support from nurses and midwives for breastfeeding and baby care.

1) Vaccinations for Infants and Young Children

Vaccinations include tetanus, diphtheria, whooping cough (DTP), Haemophilus influenzae b (Hib), polio, hepatitis B, pneumococcus, rotavirus, meningococcus C, measles, mumps, rubella (MMR), and chickenpox.

2) Nurseries and Childcare

Childcare options vary, with costs and availability differing. Since 2013, children 12 months and older have a legal right to subsidized childcare. Children aged 3 to 6 are entitled to kindergarten, and school-aged children (6+) have options for wrap-around care.

3) Registering a Birth in Germany

Register your newborn within one week at the Standesamt (registry office) in the town of birth. Required documents include confirmation of birth (Geburtsbescheinigung) and parents’ birth and marriage certificates. Multiple copies of the birth certificate (Geburtsurkunde) are provided for arranging benefits and registration. An international birth certificate is available in French, German, or English.

Non-Residents and Tourists Having a Baby in Germany

Tourists must have health insurance or be prepared to pay for medical expenses. EU citizens are covered under German state healthcare with their EHIC. Non-residents and tourists should consider travel insurance, particularly for longer stays. Emergency number 112 can be called for ambulances, police, or firetrucks.

Will Your Child Get German Citizenship?

A baby is registered as German by birth if born to at least one German citizen. If neither parent is a citizen, the child takes German nationality if at least one parent has lived in Germany for eight years, is Swiss, or has permanent residence.

Medical Care and Interaction

• • Doctors and Midwives: Many doctors speak English, but some hospital staff (like midwives) might not. It’s helpful to learn key German medical terms or have a language tutor assist with important documents.
  • Holistic Medicine: Homeopathy is commonly practiced. Expect recommendations for alternative treatments like acupuncture and herbal remedies.
  • Pediatric Medications: Some medications might be in forms like suppositories rather than liquids. Fluoride might not be in tap water, so consider fluoride supplements if needed.

Choosing Healthcare Providers

• • OB/GYN: Choose between a private practice or hospital-based OB/GYN. Note that hospital-based doctors typically handle deliveries, while private practitioners manage routine exams.
  • Midwives (Hebamme): Midwives are crucial in the delivery process. You can select one in advance or be assigned one by the hospital.

Hospital Procedures

• • Examinations: Expect more frequent ultrasounds and examinations compared to some other countries. The Mutterpass (mother’s pass) is essential for tracking your pregnancy and must be brought to every appointment.
  • Hospital Choice: Research hospitals in advance, as facilities and services vary. Consider a private room if possible and check for specific services like birthing suites.

Pre-Registration and Preparation

• • Pre-Register: Register at the hospital’s delivery room (Kreissaal) and bring your Mutterpass and passport. Confirm what additional documents might be required.
  • Birth Preparation Classes: Decide on classes early (before the 26th week) and explore options like the Read Method or Lamaze. Private classes with a midwife are also available.

In the Hospital

• • Labor and Delivery: Confirm when to go to the hospital based on contractions or water breaking. Be clear about your preferences for pain management and delivery methods.
  • Hospital Stay: Typical stays are 7 days for vaginal deliveries and 7-14 days for Cesarean sections. Hospitals offer recovery services, and you can discuss an earlier discharge if desired.

Post-Birth Care

• • Baby’s Care: The baby will undergo tests and regular check-ups in the hospital. Be proactive in learning about feeding, bathing, and other care routines.
  • Documents: You will receive the Mutterpass, a Kinder-Untersuchungsheft (child’s medical book), and a birth record. Keep these documents safe for future use.

Paperwork and Registration

• • Birth Certificate: Obtain this from the local Standesamt with documents such as birth certificates, passports, and official translations if necessary.
  • Consular Report: For U.S. citizens, apply for a Consular Report of Birth Abroad, passport, and Social Security Number through the U.S. Embassy.
  • Local Registration: Register your baby at the local Standesamt with required documents including the baby’s passport and new tax card.

Items to Bring to the Hospital

• • Bring a cooler with refreshments
  • Toiletries
  • Towels
  • The Mutterpass
  • a camera
  • a pillow

Hospitals vary in what they provide, so inquire during your hospital tour.

Indian Newborn in Germany

1. Citizenship

• German Citizenship: If neither parent is German, the child will automatically become an Indian citizen unless one parent has lived in Germany for at least 8 years or has a permanent residence permit.
• Indian Citizenship: Register your child with the Indian consulate in Germany.

2. Registering Birth in Germany

• Register Birth: Within seven days, register at the local registry office (Standesamt). This can often be done online or in person.
• Documents Required:
  • Birth certificates of both parents (translated if not in English)
  • Marriage certificate (translated if not in English)
  • Passports of both parents
  • Application form

3. Registering Indian Citizenship

1. Online Application: Fill out the form on the Government of India’s web portal.
2. Documents Required:

• • Photograph of the child (Indian passport size)
  • Signatures of both parents
  • Birth certificate (PDF)
  • Passports of both parents (PDF)

3. Submission: Print and sign the form, then submit it to the Indian consulate or by post with the required        documents and proof of payment.

4. Applying for an Indian Passport

1. Documents and Procedure:

• • Complete the passport application form online.
  • Thumb impression of the child.
  • Birth certificate and Indian birth certificate.
  • Two photographs of the child.
  • Self-attested copies of parents’ passports, residence permits, and proof of address.
  • Consent letter from parents.

2. Submission: Submit the form in person or by post to the Indian consulate. Include a self-addressed, stamped envelope for return.

5. Applying for Residence Permit in Germany

1. Requirements:

• • Valid residence title for both parents (or the parent with sole responsibility).
  • Child must be registered as living with custodial parents.

2. Process: Apply at the local citizen’s office (Bürgeramt). Check for any additional requirements specific to your local office.

Residence Permit for Children Born in Germany

• Dependent on Parents’ Status: A child born in Germany may receive a residence permit based on the parents’ residence status.
• Recognised Refugee/Asylum Seeker Parents: If a parent has asylum, refugee status, or subsidiary protection, the child has two options:
• 1. Residence Permit (§33 of Residence Act): If a passport can be obtained for the child, they can receive a residence permit. Parents must visit the local Immigration Office with their residence permit, the child’s passport, and birth certificate.
  2. Asylum Application for the Child: Parents can apply for asylum on the child’s behalf by sending a letter to the BAMF in Nuremberg, including personal data, BAMF reference number, and the child’s birth certificate. The child will receive the same status as the parent.
• Ongoing Asylum Procedure: If the parent’s asylum procedure is ongoing or the application has been rejected, the child will be granted a temporary residence permit (“Aufenthaltsgestattung”). The Immigration Office must be informed about the birth to initiate the asylum procedure for the child.
• Tolerated Stay Permit (“Duldung”): If the parent holds a “Duldung” (tolerated stay permit), the child will also receive one.

Residence Permit for Parents of German Children

• Child with German Nationality: Parents can obtain a residence permit for family reunification (§28 paragraph 1, sentence 1, no. 3 Residence Act). Required documents include:

1. 1. Valid passport
   2. Child’s birth certificate
   3. Proof of taking care of the child (e.g., custody statement).

• Permanent Residence: After three years with this residence permit, parents can apply for a permanent residence permit if they continue to care for the child and demonstrate basic German language skills (A1 level).
• Alternative Residence Permit (§25 paragraph 5 Residence Act): If parents do not meet the requirements under §28 Residence Act, they may still obtain a residence permit under certain conditions.

Residence Permit for Parents of Children with Residence Permits

• • Dependent on Care: If the child has a residence permit through the other parent, the other parent may also obtain a residence permit if they take care of the child and have recognized paternity with joint parental custody.
  • Counselling and Legal Advice: It is recommended to seek advice from a counselling center or lawyer to understand the chances of obtaining a residence permit in specific cases.

Childcare Benefit in Germany – Kindergeld

In Germany, the Kindergeld, or childcare benefit, is a universal financial assistance provided to families to help cover the costs of raising children. This benefit is part of Germany’s robust social system, known for its extensive support to families through programs like Kindergeld and Elterngeld. In this guide, we will detail everything you need to know about Kindergeld, including eligibility, application procedures, and payment details.

What is Kindergeld?

Kindergeld is a monthly financial benefit provided by the Family Benefits Office (Familienkasse), managed by the German Federal Employment Agency (Arbeitsagentur für Arbeit). The primary goal of this benefit is to ensure that every child’s basic needs are met.

Eligibility for Kindergeld

Any taxpayer living in Germany with children, whether employed, self-employed, or independent, is eligible for Kindergeld. This benefit is not influenced by the financial situation of the parents. The benefit extends to biological children, adopted children, foster children, stepchildren, and even grandchildren if they live in the household. Even some individuals living abroad may qualify if they meet specific German unrestricted income tax obligations or other criteria.

Duration of Kindergeld

Typically, Kindergeld is paid until the child turns 18. However, it can be extended until the child is 25 if they are still in school or meet other specific conditions, such as being unable to support themselves due to a disability or being registered as a job-seeker.

Amount of Kindergeld

As of 2024, the Kindergeld amount is fixed at €292 per month per child, regardless of the number of children. This payment can be made in cash or directly into the parent’s bank account.

Eligibility for Foreigners

Foreigners residing in Germany with a valid residence permit are also eligible to apply for Kindergeld. EU/EEA citizens do not need a residence permit to claim this benefit. Parents working in Germany, EU/EEA citizens, or those with a permanent residence permit can apply. Even if the child is not living in Germany, the benefit can still be claimed, with some conditions.

How to Apply for Kindergeld?

Applications for Kindergeld can be made through the Family Benefits Office (Familienkasse) at the local Labor Office (Agentur für Arbeit). This process involves filling out and signing written forms, which can also be submitted by another party with power of attorney. It’s essential to apply for Kindergeld as soon as you start employment in Germany because late applications might result in reduced benefits.

Payment Process

Kindergeld is paid directly into the bank account of one parent, and the payment date depends on the Kindergeld number assigned when the application is processed. Approval usually results in regular monthly payments, and if denied, applicants have one month to appeal.

Kindergeld vs. Kinderfreibetrag

While Kindergeld is a monthly payment, Kinderfreibetrag is a tax-free allowance for children. The German tax office (Finanzamt) compares the benefits of both systems and chooses the more favorable one for the parents. Kinderfreibetrag is typically used for tax deductions when filing a tax return, whereas Kindergeld provides regular monthly financial support.

Cancelling Kindergeld

If you permanently leave Germany, you must cancel your Kindergeld application using the ‘Veränderungsmitteilung’ form, specifically completing the fifth main box, ‘Beschäftigung im Ausland.’

Additional Benefits Related to Kindergeld

Germany offers various other benefits and allowances for parents, including supplementary child allowance (Kinderzuschlag), maintenance advance (Unterhaltsvorschuss) for single parents, and Federal Parental Allowance (Elterngeld). These benefits aim to support families in different circumstances and ensure that children’s needs are met.

Kindergeld is an essential component of Germany’s family support system, providing crucial financial assistance to parents raising children. Whether you are a resident or a foreigner living in Germany, understanding the eligibility, application process, and benefits of Kindergeld can help you make the most of this valuable support system.

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